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Nanoparticles
Introduction Of Nano Particles
They are the simplest form of structures with sizes between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. In other words, we can say that they are the collection of atoms bonded together with a structural radius of less than 100 nm. A nanoparticle is the most essential component in the creation of a nanostructure, and is far smaller than the world of everyday objects that are described by Newtons laws of motion, but bigger than an atom or a simple molecule that are governed by quantum mechanics.
Nanoparticles are very ordinary in nature - for instance, proteins exist in almost all biological Systems. These can include, e.g., fullerenes, metal clusters, large molecules, such as proteins, and even hydrogen-bonded assemblies of water molecules which exist in water at ambient temperatures.
Types of Nano particles
Gold:Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in immunochemical studies for identification of protein interactions. They are used as lab tracer in DNA fingerprinting to detect presence of DNA in a sample. They are also used for detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics like streptomycin, gentamycin and neomycin. Gold nanorods are used to detect cancer stem cells, beneficial for cancer diagnosis and for identification of different classes of bacteria.
Silver:Silver nanoparticles are the most effective amongst all because of its good antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, viruses and other eukaryotic microorganisms. They are unquestionably the most widely used nanomaterials. They are used as antimicrobial agents in textile industries for water treatments.
Alloy:Alloy nanoparticles displays structural properties that are different from their bulk samples. Since Ag i.e. silver has the highest electrical conductivity among metal fillers and, unlike many other metals, their oxides have relatively better conductivity.
Magnetic:Magnetic nanoparticles are those, which can be manipulated using magnetic field gradients. Such particles commonly consists of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt and their chemical compounds. They are actively investigated for targeted cancer treatment (magnetic hyperthermia), stem cell sorting and manipulation, guided drug delivery, gene therapy, DNA analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Properties of nanoparticles
Their properties can be majorly divided into physical and optical properties:
Physical properties:
- They have a large surface area
- Nanoparticles of yellow gold and gray silicon are red in colour
- Zinc oxide particles have been found to have superior UV blocking properties compared to its bulk substitute
- Gold nanoparticles melt at much lower temperatures (~300 °C for 2.5 nm size) than the gold slabs (1064 °C)
- Absorption of solar radiation in photovoltaic cells is much higher in nanoparticles than it is in thin films of continuous sheets of bulk material - since the particles are smaller, they absorb greater amount of solar radiation
Nano particles also often possess unexpected optical properties, as they are small enough to confine their electrons and produce quantum effects. One example of this is that gold nanoparticles appear deep red to black in solution.
Magnetization and other properties:Other properties unique among nanoparticles are quantum confinement in semiconductor particles, surface plasmon resonance in some metal particles and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials.
Diffusion properties:At elevated temperatures especially, nanoparticles possess the property of diffusion.
Synthesis of nanoparticles
They can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Many adverse effects have been associated with chemical synthesis methods due to the presence of some toxic chemical absorbed on the surface. Eco friendly alternatives are biological ways of nanoparticles synthesis using microorganisms, enzymes, fungus, and plants or plant extracts.
Dimensionality of nanoparticles
They are generally classified based on their dimensionality, morphology, composition, uniformity, and agglomeration.
1D nanomaterials:These are one dimensional in the nanometer scale are typically thin films or surface coatings, and include the circuitry of computer chips and the antireflection and hard coatings on eyeglasses. These have been used in electronics, chemistry, and engineering.
2D nanomaterials:Two-dimensional nanomaterials have two dimensions in the nanometer scale. These include 2D nanostructured films, with nanostructures firmly attached to a substrate, or nanopore filters used for small particle separation and filtration. Asbestos fibers are an example of 2D nanoparticles.
3D nanomaterials:Materials that are nanoscaled in all three dimensions are considered 3D nanomaterials. These include thin films deposited under conditions that generate atomic-scale porosity, colloids, and free nanoparticles with various morphologies.
Application and uses of Nanoparticles
Medical sciences:Nanomedicine has tremendous prospects for the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Use of microbes in biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally acceptable procedure. Nanotechnology has potential to revolutionize a wide array of tools in biotechnology so that they are more personalized, portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer.
Manufacturing:They are used to provide a barrier to gasses (for example oxygen), or moisture in a plastic film used for packaging. This could slow down the process of spoiling or drying out in food. Helps to protect wood, plastic and textiles from exposure to UV rays. They are to fill gaps between carbon fibers, thereby strengthening tennis racquets. Silver nanoparticles in fabric are used to kill bacteria, making clothing odour-resistant.
Environment:Photocatalytic copper tungsten oxide nanoparticles is used to break down oil into biodegradable compounds.
For energy and electronics:They are used to develop low cost electrodes. They can help in making of fuel cells that produces twelve times more catalytic activity than pure platinum. The battery power can be increased and the charging time can be reduced with the help of nanoparticles. Semiconductor nanoparticles are applied in a low temperature printing process that enables the manufacture of low cost solar cells.
Due to their incredible properties, nanoparticles have become significant in many fields. They are actively used in energy, health care, environment, agriculture etc. Nanoparticle technologies have great potentials. They can convert poorly soluble, poorly absorbed and labile biologically active substance into promising deliverable substances.
Our Range of Nanoparticle Products
Elements:You will find an extensive range of element nanopowders under one roof that is mk nano. we have aluminum, boron, carbon, cobalt, iron,gold , tin, titatnium, etc.you name it, we have it.
Alloys:We offer the finest quality of alloy nanopowders at a single click. some of the alloy nanopowders offered here are copper- tin, iron-cobalt, silver-copper and copper zinc. Check the complete list under the nanoparticles tab.
Single element oxides:An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. Metal oxides contain an anion of oxygen in the oxidation state of -2. We offer aluminum hydroxide nanopowder, aluminum oxide hydroxide nanopowder, aluminum oxide nanopowder, antimony oxide nanopowder, bismuth oxide nanopowder, boron oxide nanopowder and many more.
Multi element oxides:multiple oxides have two nonequivalent metal sites and have amazing properties resulting in extensive application in various fields. Some of the multi element oxide offered by mk nano is aluminum cerium oxide nanopowder, ATO-antimony tin oxide nanopowder,barium strontium titanium oxide nanopowder, calcium titanium oxide nanopowder, titanium silicate nanopowder and so on. You can check the complete list under the multi element oxides tab.
Carbides, nitrides and other compounds:Carbon compounded with a non-metal such as calcium, silicon, boron or metals like cobalt, titanium, tungsten, or vanadium. They are characterized by their extreme hardness and resistance to high temperatures. They are used as abrasives, in cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing tools.
A nitride is a compound of nitrogen where nitrogen has a formal oxidation state of -3. Nitrides are a large class of compounds with various properties and a wide range of applications. we have a wide range of carbides, nitrides and other such compounds available at one place.
Mesoporous materials:A mesoporous material is a material containing pores with diameters ranging between 2 and 50 nm.Porous materials are classified based on their sizes. Check the amazing range of mesoporous materials under the nanoparticles tab.
We at mk Nano offer you the finest quality of nanoparticles at the best price. We have a range of elements, alloys, single element oxide, multi element oxides, carbides, nitrides and other compounds, mesoporous materials. For any queries, please fill up the inquiry form available under the contact us tab. You can also reach us through email. Order from us and enjoy the excellent customer services offered!